viernes, 17 de diciembre de 2010

Terrorism


Terrorism

A definition for terrorism could be the attack of a country or an organization, to another, using terror to promote its policy and/or to obtain what they want. There are different types of terrorism, for example domestic terrorism and international terrorism.

Domestic terrorism in when civilians do an act of terror against their own country, a very clear example was the 1999 Columbine High School massacre, which was that two senior students went to the school and star shooting other classmates and teachers. At the end there were 12 killed people and 21 injured ones. Both committed suicide after police caught them. This could be considered as domestic terrorism, because both did it for a specific reason, and it was against their own country.

In the other hand, international terrorism is the most common one, for example the 9/11 issue with the World Trade Canter, and other one could be the Nuclear Bomb during World War II in Hiroshima. This kind of terrorism it’s commonly that ends up with a lot of human beings died. The majority innocents and this it is done because some differences between different countries.

Therefore, I really think we have to be proud and exited of leaving in a country in which it doesn’t have a military force, and have had never experienced anything about this topics.


References



Ethnic Conflicts


Ethnic Conflicts

A huge concern that occurs, and it seems that always will be there is ethnic conflicts. How discrimination, religion and territorial issues creates this issues.

Territorial conflicts had always been an important concern. Conflicts like “Intifada” between -Palestine and Israelis- in the Middle East because of ethnic and religious conflicts. In which had caused thousands of deaths. Moving on, on the East side of Europe, countries like Russia, Antique Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia, in which all of these countries had been marked as conflictive ones and also dangerous. Some even don’t have signs in other languages; this is because they don’t even care about tourism. And recently, there was a conflict between Mexicans and Americans, the US want to build a wall so Mexican’s won’t be able to pass through it and to control immigration.

The huge conflict that has occurred about racism would definitely be World War I and World War II with the Nazis because what Hitler wanted to do was to create a pure race that would have to be Germans, and what he wanted to do was to eliminate Jews. This discrimination happens also with black people; in countries like the US you can see the huge difference between these two ethnic groups. This discrimination it’s so notorious that even police it’s involved in this, as for example the conflict named as Brutal Police, this is when police abuses of its authority, and starts beating and punching the victims only because of their color of skin.

Last but not least, Religion. We all can see how this institution had a lot of power and money, and all of their churches had been built by the lower class, in a way that they were exploited and some even die in this process. Also, with all of the money that the church has, they could save millions of lives around the world.

As a conclusion, I really think it’s absurd that in these days we have problems about ethnic issues, now days we live in an open minded society in which it doesn’t matter if he or she is white or black, thin or overweight, short or tall, we are all human beings, and we are all the same, it doesn’t matter the looks that we have we have to live in peace with each others.

miércoles, 15 de diciembre de 2010

Criminal Punishment

Criminal Punishment

A criminal act is when someone is called an alleged criminal, commits an action. This specific crime should have a tipicity, which is an act that it’s sanctioned in a Criminal Code; antijuricity, which is against the code; and guilty, which is that the suspect should know that what he or she did it’s a crime. This essay will refer about what I think about death penalty, it’s a methods and it consequences.

Capital punishment is the killing of a person by judicial process as a punishment for an offence. I think that this practice is antihuman, even though it’s currently allowed in 58 countries around the world. This punishment it’s against human rights because he or she, the alleged criminal, is still a human being, and it could have been a mistake, and if not then it won’t be “cured” in jail because that is the main goal of it. According to Amnesty International, at least 714 executions were known in the last year. This is a cruel, antihuman and degrading retribution and would turn our society into a violent one, in which “an eye for an eye” it’s not the answer. So I consider it must be eliminated this ancient process.

This antihuman punishment it’s done through different unbelievable ways. Electrocution, in which the criminal is in a chair with his/her head covered; then, he’s electrocuted. An Islamic practice is shooting or stoning so the criminal suffer a lot and this is the consequence of doing the crime that he committed. Decapitate which in the last years a victim of this was Hussein, and it’s also really suffered and degrading because everyone was shouting things about him. And the last one is the lethal injection, which they injected 3 shots, one to get him asleep, the second one is for stop feeling any pain and the last one potassium chloride which actually stops the systems and make your dead. With all of these ways it’s obvious that no matter the one that it’s done, it will kill you and its very denigrate and against human rights, because it’s the life of a person which is going to be taken.

The worst about death penalty is the people that had been executed and they were innocent. As we know, a juridical process tries to find out what happened but off course that there could occurred a fraud or a mistake and the alleged criminal could be punished with this mistake. And the answer of the government is to gave to the family a compensation as if this would replace the life of the victim that have just been taken away.

As a conclusion, I think death penalty it’s not a solution. This just will make a violent society and Human Rights have to be respected worldwide, that some cases are mistakes and in some others innocent people executed and no one should punished you with this sanction, because the judge it’s also a human being and nobody it’s expelled from this.

viernes, 10 de diciembre de 2010

Destiny



Where did I go wrong?
What can I change?
Think only in the present
Because future or fate, they will all came

Never the less I could amend my path
And laugh about my life
Won’t do crazy stuff
Because then, Karma will attack

Just smile and live your life
Be kind, be fine
And everything will be alright
And for the last, stop thinking about the past!

The Processes of Peacemaking and Peacebuilding Around the World

The Processes of Peacemaking and Peacebuilding Around the World

A number one goal, for many countries is to have a peaceful society and harmoniously environment. In the last century, there had been a lot of wars, mainly because of showing who wants to be the most powerful country in the world, and also because of economical issues. Therefore, it exist some organizations that fight for peace all around the world.

Some countries, who promote this peaceful atmosphere, are: Costa Rica, Grenada, Liechtenstein, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Solomon Islands and Vatican City, among 8 more. This is as a reflection of a living without army, guns and a peaceful society could be done. Also, its kind ironic, because with all of the last wars, like 2003 invasion of Iraq, 2004 War in North-West Pakistan, 2006 Lebanon War, Gaza War and more, the citizens of this peaceful countries, may have not seen a military guard, or a tank and couldn’t imagine that this its pretty normal in some other countries.

Because all of killed people during wars, it’s that there exist a international organization which had a lot of power and it’s uncharged of aiming facilitating cooperation in international law, security, human rights, and achieving world peace. This organization its named United Nations (UN), this group helps injured people during war, civilians and obviously women and kids, claiming for peace and promoting the human rights. UN not only acts against war, also it’s involved with topics against genocide, protecting indigenous peoples, and helps also the Red Cross, in which they pact a declaration about this kind of protection with the people who need it.

Not only exist this huge organization named UN, there are also social movements who claim for peace all around the world, and also that believe that there could be non violent conflicts, in which peace should be present all time long. One of this movements in which in my opinion had a huge impact was 2003 invasion of Iraq, 2 years latter than 9/11, when former President Bush, said that they had knowledge that Iraq had had nuclear weapons, but as we all know they didn’t found anything and it’s supposed that they invaded only because of the oil.

As a conclusion, I think that we are very lucky to live in a country that had abolished military, that most of all haven’t seen a military group of soldiers marching among the street. Also we have to be very grateful with all the volunteers that help organizations like UN and/or peaceful movements because without them maybe consequences during World War I and World War II may had been different, and it would have changed a lot of things in the present that maybe these days wouldn’t have exist.


Globalization of Infectious Diseases

Globalization of Infectious Diseases


Is important that people know the issue about this topic, especially because it became an unstoppable situation. This essay will try to explain why it happens and how it started.

Is essential to describe what globalization in general is before talking about this topic. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, “the word Globalization was first employed in 1930, to denote a historic view of human experience in education. Also the United Nations say “Globalization is a widely used term that can be defined in a numerous of different ways”. As a consequence of this had made that a lot of countries loses their own identity. Thanks to this everything has turned into a unique global culture. This depends on each point of view, if it is a positive or a negative aspect. But what is undeniable is that infectious diseases become easier to get.

A lot of infectious diseases which are really dangerous to humans have spread easily thanks to globalization. Ancient civilizations like Inca, Maya, and Aztec were killed by diseases that Europeans brought during the Colony. Another disaster of this kind was the Black Death, which started in Asia and went to Europe and killed one third of Europe’s population, at least. Modern way of traveling allows more people to go around the world in a faster way. But this also opens the gates to a easier movement of diseases around the world. The most recent example was last years Swine Flu (AH1N1), which started in Mexico and spread around the world because of traveling. This had so much impact that it became a plague. Thanks to this examples its easy to appreciate how through time the regions that were affected had become more extended the quantity of population around the world.

During time, diseases had become even more powerful, the quantity of dead people has increase in numerous ways. But this also brings benefits to terrorism, when the twin towers disaster happened, terrorists started to send letters with anthrax, which os a disease created in a laboratory. These kinds of disease were easy to transport because of globalization.

As a conclusion, globalization has a lot of negative impact in the world. But for sure the hardest one is the easy way of getting infected of a deadly disease. It’s time to understand that is impossible to stop globalization but it’s possible to take some precautions measures.




Alonso Álvarez

Ronald Bonilla

The impact of migration on receiving countries

The impact of migration on receiving countries

Immigrants are the people who go from their country to another one, looking for job and a place where they can live in a better way than their own, or at least that’s the goal. Also, to immigrate is the entrance of a person to another country. They suffer because of lots of issues; some are for example, racism, legal problems and some more, but as well as they suffer a lot, there are some cases, in which they get along easily.

Immigrants, usually suffer because stay for much time that they should, in the cases in which they enter legally to the other country, and illegally it’s even worst, because they have to be hiding from police, people that could betrayed them. Because they are illegally, they receive the lowest salary, doing the jobs that no one would like to do.

Racism is one of the worst things that could happen to any immigrant. We cam see that it doesn’t matter the country this exists in almost every part in the world. In the US we can see it, a good example is the Mexicans who immigrate and in Europe, because of the European Union, their citizens are allowed to travel anywhere in there, and there are some countries that don’t like it. For example in these days, in Italy in a soccer game between Inter vs. Cagliari, a player named Eto’o which is a Cameroonian, suffer from lots of racist.

Examples of immigration, in America, the first one that we associate is Mexicans immigrating to the States, some years ago we heard the problem when past president of the United States, George W. Bush, began a project to built a wall so Mexicans won’t be able to pass. In Europe, because of the creation of the European Union, citizens are able to pass from every country. But also Africans immigrate to Europe, and some countries are really racist and this had become a problem.

I think that immigration it’s not a problem, because they will help the economy of other countries, hopping for a better life,but in the right way, legally. And also that they had to be conscious that where they are it’s not their country so they must help and not damaging where they are.

Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction

Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction


The weapons of mass destruction are arms that could kill a huge quantity of humans or cause serious damage every time they’re used. Normally, they are nuclear, biological and chemical weapons.

There is also a non-proliferation treatment in which limits its propagation and it recognized as nuclear weapon status which are: United States, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, and China, ironically all of this are some of the most powerful countries around the world.

Even though with this treatment, there is also known that countries like India, Pakistan and North Korea have declared that they possess nuclear weapons which are some of the four countries that decline signing the treat.

There are nuclear weapons as, bombs, warheads, shells, and some more, and these are from countries like the United States, Russia, United Kingdom, France, China, Canada (even though now Canada has not stockpiles of this kind of weapons since 1984), India, Iran, Israel, Pakistan and North Korea. So with this information and knowing that some of these countries have not a good relationship which each it’s kind of worrying that a huge conflict could occur.

Finally, I really think that all these weapons of mass destruction should be illegal because of the damage that produces, not only in humans, in which they could be murder, also it could deform the human body; also un every living thing, and actually every thing that surrounds whenever these weapons are used. But the problem is that the countries that had these arms are the most powerful in the world so because of their interest they are not going to accept in dropping or eliminate its production.



Reference:

Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (1970). Retrieved October 4, 2010, from

Weapons of mass destruction. Retrieved October 4, 2010, from

Army Technology. Retrieved October 4, 2010, from

lunes, 22 de noviembre de 2010

Letter to the Organizer of the Sello Verde

Alonso Álvarez Thuel


San José, September 26, 2010

INTEL

Dear Mr. Alfredo Arce:

I wrote this letter to express my congratulations because of your exposition about the Supply Chain. Specifically about what has INTEL done in the last years. First of all, I found it very interesting that there are only 4 companies that do the assembly job, 3 in Asia and the other Costa Rica. Also how does this chain works with the demand, supply and product.

Moreover, it was really remarkable that the 4 companies even though they are from INTEL, they try to compete with each other so the level of efficiency rises. And last but not least important to know that INTEL’s Supply Chain is in the top 30 of the world, competing with companies like Apple, P&G, and others, and what makes it incredible is that none of us buy something from them, because they make microchips that are inside computers, telephones, etc.



Greetings,
Alonso Álvarez Thuel.

viernes, 5 de noviembre de 2010

Global Warming

One problem that had taken a huge concern in society is global warming. Global warming is when the earth heats up (the temperature rises).  It happens when greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, water vapor, nitrous oxide, and methane) trap heat and light from the sun in the earth’s atmosphere, which increases the temperature. This affects not only humans, but animals and vegetation too. What happens is that, due to the heat and the gasses, our poles are losing land because the glaciers are melting, so many species do not have too much space.

Also according to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (2008), global surface temperatures have increased about 0.74°C (plus or minus 0.18°C) since the late-19th century, and the linear trend for the past 50 years of 0.13°C (plus or minus 0.03°C) per decade is nearly twice that for the past 100 years. The warming has not been globally uniform. Some areas (including parts of the southeastern U.S. and parts of the North Atlantic) have, in fact, cooled slightly over the last century. The recent warmth has been greatest over North America and Eurasia between 40 and 70°N. Lastly, seven of the eight warmest years on record have occurred since 2001 and the 10 warmest years have all occurred since 1995. As a consequence of this, the climate change, we can see that in many countries people die because of the heat, with temperatures of 40ºC or higher.
The first cause of global warming is the greenhouse effect; this is the warming that happens when certain gases get inside of the Earth's atmosphere and trap the heat. These gases let in light but keep heat from escaping, like the glass walls of a greenhouse.

This problem affects everyone of us, so we have to make some changes now so it wouldn’t be late, for example, some car companies had create new types of cars that don’t need gas to work out, instead of this they function with electricity. Another one is to use only the things that we are using, for example turning the TV off if no one is watching, the same with computers. Recycling is also a good example, because with this there is less garbage and some of this can be used again and again.

Novi Meadows Elementary (2002) declares that governments are doing many things to help stop global warming too, for example the American government create a law called The Clean Air Act so there is less air pollution. Global warming is making people get very bad illnesses that could make them disabled, very sick, and sometimes even die.  The Clean Air Act is making many companies change their products to decrease these problems.  Part of the law says that you may not put certain amount of pollutants through the air.  Hairspray and some other products, like foam cups, had this problem. Now, almost all of these products have a label on them telling people what this product can do to the environment and many people.  By 2015 all products listed on the Clean Air Act will have this label on them:

WARNING: contains or manufactured with (the chemical would go here.  For example chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s), a substance which harms public health and the environment by destroying ozone in the upper atmosphere.  






Reference



Novi Meadows Elementary (2002)
Retrieved September 20, 2010, from

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Retrieved September 20, 2010, from


National Geographic
Retrieved September 20, 2010, from


viernes, 29 de octubre de 2010

Domestic Violence

In the last few years, unfortunately, violence had turned really common in our society. Every day we can see in the news that there had occurred a violent act between couples. There is not only physical violence, like a punch or a kick for example; there is also emotional or psychological violence, such as verbal abuse, threats and denigration.

Here in Costa Rica, according to Rojas (2002), the most affected population is women, even though men are also victims of this. And the worst part of this issue is that it starts with verbal aggressions and then it becomes a vicious circle and it could end with injuries or even though dead.

Authorities are trying to fix this problem, for example in April 25th, 2007, it was created the “Ley de Penalización de la Violencia Contra las Mujeres” by the Asamble Legislativa, this law, creates a new juridical concept called femicide, which is a murder of women by their batterers, UNICEF (2000). But the dilemma it is not to crate some sanctions as a punishment, like 2 or 4 years for doing psychological violence.

Also, Costa Rica enacted the Law against Domestic Violence in 1996, which allows protective measures to be enforced without criminal or civil proceedings, with this law, anyone who inflicts psychological, physical, or sexual violence on a relative may be ordered out of the home and prohibited access to the victim, be temporarily barred from caring for, raising, and educating any underage children, have weapons taken, and be ordered to pay for the family's food, medical care, and any property that was damaged during the assault. In the year after the law had been in effect, over 7,000 legal actions involving domestic violence were reported. Creel (2001).

I think that the main problem is in our society, in our families, children saw their parents fighting and screaming between each other and they start accepting this and doing it in school and also in their futures relationships.

As a conclusion, this problem it’s happening in our society and it has to stop right now because there had died a lot of victims and the quantity rises on and on. So schools may had to implement some kind of activities involving parents with their children and also denounce with authorities when this trouble it’s had been occurring and not when maybe it would be too late.




Reference


Creel L. with special reporting by Lovera S. and Ruiz M. (2001).
Retrieved September 13, 2010, from




UNICEF. (2000). Domestic Violence against Women and Girls. Retrieved September 13, 2010, from: http://www.unicef-irc.org/publications/pdf/digest6e.pdf

viernes, 10 de septiembre de 2010